docs: translate images to English
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@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ Using Fig. 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, map its own control signal to each motor, and connect
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For example, motor M3 that rotates counter-clockwise (top left corner) is controlled by signal S4 (green wire). It is connected to port 3.
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@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ Solder the prepared wires of the motors to the pads of ESC.
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* Length 7 cm (XT60 pin power connector) - 1 red, 1 black
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* Length 9 cm (XT60 socket power connector) - 1 red, 1 black
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#### Preparing XT60 pin and XT60 socket high-power connectors
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@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ Solder the prepared wires of the motors to the pads of ESC.
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3. Remove the 3rd (orange) wire from the connector, since it is not needed.
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4. The length of the remaining black and red wires should be 10 – 12 cm.
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### Installation of the power distribution board
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@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ Check CLOSED CONDITION of the following circuits (presence of the multimeter sou
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1. [Blanch*] (zap.md) the contact pads of the power board
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2. Using a multimeter, check absence of contact closure on the PCB (check continuity)
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To make solder neatly fill the entire pad, it should be warmed up. For this purpose, hold the tip of the soldering gun to the contact pad for 2 seconds (or more if needed)
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@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ IMPORTANT NOTE about polarity
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#### SAFETY when working with the battery
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#### Enabling the transmitter
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@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ should be increased up to 4 – 5.
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2. Motors to MAIN OUT ports 1,2,3,4, according to the circuit diagram
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3. Power by PDB (5V/VCC) to any port except for SB (SBUS)
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### ESC assembly
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@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@ TODO
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## Additional equipment
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## Conventional symbols
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## Installation of motors
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@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ TODO
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Cut the remaining part of the clamp (tie wrap) with scissors.
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## Installation of frame elements
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@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ TODO
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3. Attach the assembled unit to the frame with М3х16 screws, complying with the layout.
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4. Install the frame for the LED strip, using the slots in the leg holders.
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## Installation of the BEC voltage converter (to be soldered and tested)
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@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ TODO
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Black -> GND
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Blue -> Din
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## Installation of the 4 in 1 ESC board and the PDB power-board
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@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ article [remote faults](radioerrors.md).
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5. Install the legs into the mounts (4 pcs).
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## Installation of the remaining structural elements
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@@ -13,4 +13,4 @@ The Rate Pitch and Rate Roll parameters should be the same.
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YAW parameters should be changed individually, according to the above instruction (usually the yaw doesn't require serious adjustment, you may leave it default).
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@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
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\* The distance between the power distribution board and the estimated location of the camera should be determined in advance!
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## Preparation of the transmitter
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@@ -26,20 +26,20 @@ The same procedure applies here:
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\* The distance between the power distribution board and the estimated location of the transmitter should be determined in advance!
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## Connection of FPV
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Prepared connectors are to be inserted into appropriate sockets, and power wires are to be soldered to the power distribution board according to the circuit diagram:
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> **Warning** In this circuit diagram, the camera is powered from 12 V (however, it is possible to use 5 V).
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> The transmitter is powered from the ESC power (however, it is possible to use 12 V).
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## Installing FPV components
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The following may be used as fastening materials:
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@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ Control
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The copter is controlled from a transmitter that sends commands to the radio receiver. The transmitter is powered by batteries, and the radio receiver is powered from the flight controller. The communication is often one-way, from the transmitter to the receiver. The receiver is connected to the flight controller with at least five wires which are used for transmitting the turn signals around 3 axes, the throttle command, and the flight mode command.
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**Throttle** — translated as "throttle", "thrust", or "gas" in everyday life. A multicopter throttle is the mean arithmetical between the rotation speeds of all motors is it more the throttle, the higher the total thrust of the engines, and the stronger they pull the copter upwards (in other words, "Step on it" means the fastest ascent possible). It is usually measured as percentage: 0 % — the motors are stopped, 100 % — the motors are rotating at maximum speed. Hovering throttle is the minimum throttle required for the copter to stay at certain altitude.
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@@ -77,15 +77,15 @@ The axes of the copter (pitch, roll, and yaw) are the angles used to determine a
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**Yaw** The multicopter nose turn. conditionally — turning right or left
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**Pitch**. In copters, manipulation with this moment of force allows the copter to move forward or backward due to tilting the nose in the appropriate direction
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**Roll** Multicopter tilting to the left or to the right. Due to the roll, the copter can move sideways in the appropriate direction.
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If you can control throttle, pitch, roll and yaw, you can control the quadcopter. They are also sometimes called control channels. There are many flight modes. GPS, barometer, and distance gage are also used, as well as stabilization mode (stab, stabilize, flying and stab), in which the copter keeps the angles set from the transmitter regardless of external factors. Without wind, the copter can hang almost in place in this mode. And the wind will have to be compensated for by the pilot.
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The propellers rotation directions are not chosen randomly. If all motors rotated in the same direction, the quadcopter would rotate in the opposite direction due to the generated moments. Therefore, two opposite motors always rotate in the same direction, and other two motors rotate the opposite direction. The effect of rotation moments is used to change the yaw: one pair of motors starts rotating a bit faster than the other, and the quadcopter slowly turns towards us:
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@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Elements of the copter
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Usually, when it comes to controlling a model of boat or an aircraft, the operator has absolute, precise control over the engine. Pressing the joystick on the transmitter results in proportional increasing the speed of the screws (rpm). A distinctive feature of multi-propeller aircraft (regardless of whether it is an advantage or a disadvantage) is in the fact that no one can simultaneously control the rotation speed of 3 and more motors precisely enough to keep the aircraft in the air. That is where the flight controllers come into play.
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**Flight controller** is the most important part. Ninety percent of flight stability and controllability depends on the characteristics of the flight controller.
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A flight controller is intended for translating commands from the transmitter into the signals that set the rotation speed of the motor. It also has inertial measuring sensors that allow keeping an eye on the current position of the platform and performing automatic adjustment
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@@ -114,11 +114,11 @@ A flight controller is intended for translating commands from the transmitter in
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**ESC** are regulators for adjusting the motors rotation. The fact is that multi copters use special brushless motors that can rotate at very high speeds. To control such motors, it is sometimes necessary to form three phase voltage and relatively high currents, which is performed by ESCs. Each motor requires its own ESC. All ESCs are connected to the flight controller. The ESCs are powered directly from the battery. Each motor is connected to its own ESC with three wires. The order of connecting the wires determines the direction of motor rotation.
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**Motor**. Copters use brushless motors. They feature outstanding characteristics and survivability due to the absence of friction units (brushes) for transmitting the current. Unlike a conventional motor, which has a moving part — the rotor, and a stationary part — the stator, in a brushless motor, the moving part is the stator with permanent magnets, and the stationary part is the rotor with windings of three phases. In order to rotate such a system, the direction of the magnetic field in the windings of the rotor is changed in specific order, whereby permanent magnets in the rotor interact with magnetic fields of the stator and start rotating. This rotation is caused by the ability of magnets with the same poles to repel from each other, and magnets with opposite poles to attract to each other.
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**Radio control equipment**. It includes a transmitter with a control unit, and a receiver. They may have various numbers of channels and frequencies. Most transmitters operate at the frequency of 2.40 GHz, there are also several other frequency bands available in the market.
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
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## Composition of the FLYSKY i6 transmitter
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## Installation of QGroundControl
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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ As a result of searching for a solution that would fit all our requirements, we
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In creating such a shape, two types of edges (beams) are used: short and long ones, their length is calculated based on the desired diameter of a polyhedron inscribed into a sphere. For better understanding, I will insert all necessary formulas from Wikipedia below.
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The corner joints (fittings) were not very easy either. They are of two types as well: with five faces on the vertex (five beams protrude from the vertex) and with six faces (six rays protrude from the vertex).
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@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ Making simple calculations for the required size, we built a model in Inventor C
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In the progress of designing, we faced problems in modeling corner joints, but they were solved by simplifying the design, and the differences of the angles were compensated for by flexible materials. Thus, all joints fit slightly tightly.
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ Blanching a contact pad means doing the following:
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1. Apply flux on the contact pad
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2. Cover the contact pad with solder
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## Blanching wires
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