diff --git a/backend/internal/controllers/about.go b/backend/internal/controllers/about.go
index a0ccb0b..179f0cc 100644
--- a/backend/internal/controllers/about.go
+++ b/backend/internal/controllers/about.go
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ func GetAbout(c *echo.Context) error {
 
 	return utils.HTTPSuccessHandler(c, map[string]any{
 		"bg_url":  u.GetEnv("about.bg_url"),
-		"content": u.GetEnvMapString("about.content"),
+		"content": u.GetEnvMap("about.content"),
 		"email":   u.GetEnv("about.email"),
 		"name":    u.GetEnv("about.name"),
 		"url":     u.GetEnv("about.url"),
diff --git a/backend/internal/controllers/config.go b/backend/internal/controllers/config.go
index d4dda68..4e37500 100644
--- a/backend/internal/controllers/config.go
+++ b/backend/internal/controllers/config.go
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import (
 
 func GetConfig(c *echo.Context) error {
 	return utils.HTTPSuccessHandler(c, map[string]any{
-		"site_title":  u.GetEnvMapString("site.title"),
-		"site_desc":   u.GetEnvMapString("site.desc"),
+		"site_title":  u.GetEnvMap("site.title"),
+		"site_desc":   u.GetEnvMap("site.desc"),
 		"site_url":    u.GetEnv("site.url"),
 		"site_icon":   u.GetEnvWithDefault("site.icon", "/logo.png"),
 		"site_bg_url": u.GetEnvWithDefault("site.bg_url", "https://img.fudaoyuan.icu/api/1/random/?scale_min=1.5&webp=true&md=false&format=302"),
diff --git a/backend/test/utils/password_test.go b/backend/test/utils/password_test.go
index bcec6f3..3ca0a66 100644
--- a/backend/test/utils/password_test.go
+++ b/backend/test/utils/password_test.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ func TestGeneratePasswordHash(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			// 设置环境变量
-			u.InitEnv(u.EnvOption{
+			u.InitTestViper(u.EnvOption{
 				ConfigData: bytes.NewBuffer([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(`
 				share:
 					password_salt: %s
diff --git a/pkg/utils/env.go b/pkg/utils/env.go
index 86ae50c..ba50d36 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/env.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/env.go
@@ -13,33 +13,42 @@ var (
 	envOnce sync.Once
 )
 
-func InitEnv(props EnvOption) {
-	if v != nil {
-		return
+func createViperInstance(props EnvOption) *viper.Viper {
+	instance := viper.New()
+	for _, viperConfigType := range props.ConfigType {
+		instance.SetConfigType(viperConfigType)
 	}
+	if props.ConfigData != nil {
+		instance.ReadConfig(props.ConfigData)
+		return instance
+	}
+	for _, name := range props.ConfigName {
+		instance.SetConfigName(name)
+	}
+	instance.SetEnvKeyReplacer(strings.NewReplacer(".", "_"))
+	for _, path := range props.ConfigPath {
+		instance.AddConfigPath(path)
+	}
+	instance.AutomaticEnv()
+	instance.WatchConfig()
+	if err := instance.ReadInConfig(); err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return instance
+}
+
+func InitTestViper(props EnvOption) *viper.Viper {
+	instance := createViperInstance(props)
+	v = instance
+	envOnce.Do(func() {}) // 消费 once，防止 GetViperClient 覆盖已注入的实例
+	return instance
+}
+
+func GetViperClient() *viper.Viper {
 	envOnce.Do(func() {
-		v = viper.New()
-		for _, viperConfigType := range props.ConfigType {
-			v.SetConfigType(viperConfigType)
-		}
-		if props.ConfigData != nil {
-			v.ReadConfig(props.ConfigData)
-			return
-		}
-		for _, name := range props.ConfigName {
-			v.SetConfigName(name)
-		}
-		v.SetEnvKeyReplacer(strings.NewReplacer(".", "_"))
-		for _, path := range props.ConfigPath {
-			v.AddConfigPath(path)
-		}
-		v.AutomaticEnv()
-		v.WatchConfig()
-		err := v.ReadInConfig()
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
+		v = createViperInstance(getEnvOptions())
 	})
+	return v
 }
 
 type Option interface {
@@ -75,8 +84,7 @@ func getEnvOptions(options ...Option) EnvOption {
 
 func GetEnv(key string, options ...Option) string {
 	props := getEnvOptions(options...)
-	InitEnv(props)
-	value := v.GetString(key)
+	value := GetViperClient().GetString(key)
 
 	if value == "" && props.DefaultValue != "" {
 		return props.DefaultValue
@@ -88,12 +96,10 @@ func GetEnvWithDefault(key string, defaultValue string) string {
 	return GetEnv(key, WithDefaultValue(defaultValue))
 }
 
-func GetEnvMapString(key string) map[string]string {
-	props := getEnvOptions()
-	InitEnv(props)
-	return v.GetStringMapString(key)
+func GetEnvMap(key string) map[string]any {
+	return GetViperClient().GetStringMap(key)
 }
 
 func SetEnv(key string, value string) {
-	v.Set(key, value)
+	GetViperClient().Set(key, value)
 }
diff --git a/pkg/utils/test/env_test.go b/pkg/utils/test/env_test.go
index 8efb705..f4038bb 100644
--- a/pkg/utils/test/env_test.go
+++ b/pkg/utils/test/env_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestInitEnvAndGetEnv(t *testing.T) {
 		ConfigData: bytes.NewBufferString(jsonData),
 		ConfigType: []string{"json"},
 	}
-	utils.InitEnv(props)
+	utils.InitTestViper(props)
 
 	// GetEnv应能拿到值
 	val := utils.GetEnv("test.value")