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# Connecting 4 in 1 ESCs
## 4 in 1 ESC circuit board pin-out
Appropriate phase wires and their control signal (Fig. 1b) are marked with the same color (Fig. 1a).
For example, orange color -> bottom-right motor -> S1 - orange wire.
## PixRacer flight controller pin-out
Fig. 2a shows the pin-out of the terminal strip:
* **SIGNAL** — ESC connection. Every pin has its own signal. Pins 5 and 6 can receive a PWM signal (for example, a servo may be connected).
* **GND** is the ground of the flight controller. A common bus on all GND pins (marked in black).
* 1, 2, 3, 4 are ports for connecting ESCs.
* 1, 2 are ports for expanding the output PWM signal (can be setup in QGroundControl, can also can be used to control the hexacopter).
Fig. 2b shows motor numbering of the PixRacer flight controller.
* The arrow is the flight controller orientation.
* Black M3, M4 are the motors that rotate clockwise.
* Red M1, M2 are the motors that rotate counter-clockwise.
## Picture of the connection, based on the current orientation of the 4 in 1 ESC board
Using Fig. 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, map its own control signal to each motor, and connect in accordance with the PixRacer motor numbering order.
For example, motor M3 that rotates counter-clockwise (top left corner) is controlled by signal S4 (green wire). It is connected to port 3.
![Connecting 4 in 1 ESCs](../assets/cl3_connectionESC4in1.jpg)

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# Assembly of Clever 3
This manual discusses the assembly of the COEX Clever 3 kit with a 4 in 1 EDC circuit-board.
![Clever 3](../assets/clever3_main.jpg)
> **Caution** Before using soldering equipment, be sure to read the [safety precautions when soldering](tb.md).
<!--
## The drone kit contents
TODO
-->
## Additional equipment
![Additional equipment](../assets/additonal_eqipment.jpg)
## Conventional symbols
![Conventional symbols](../assets/conditional_refer.jpg)
## Installation of motors
1. Unpack the motors.
2. Attach a motor to the beam with М3х6 hex screws (the shortest screws supplied with the motors).
A hex wrench included.
3. Insert M3 nuts (4 pcs) into the plastic holder.
For convenience, you can use a long screw or pliers
4. Secure the beam, the lower beam guard and the holder with М3х12 screws, using a Phillips screwdriver.
5. Using a clamp connect the beam and the bottom guard of the beam.
Cut the remaining part of the clamp (tie wrap) with scissors.
![Preparation of motors](../assets/cl3_prepareMotors.JPG)
## Installation of frame elements
1. Insert the M3 plastic nuts (4 pcs) for mounting the PDB on the frame with М3х8 screws.
2. Install 6 mm legs (4 pcs) for attaching the Raspberry Pi to the frame with М3х8 screws.
3. Attach the assembled unit to the frame with М3х16 screws, complying with the layout.
4. Install the frame for the LED strip, using the slots in the leg holders.
![Legs installation on the frame](../assets/cl3_mountElements.JPG)
## Installation of the BEC voltage converter (to be soldered and tested)
1. Unpack the power board and install the power flat cable.
2. Switch the multimeter in the DC voltage measurement mode (20V or 200V range).
3. Check operation of the power board by connecting the battery
* Output voltage at the XT30 connector should be equal to the battery voltage (10 V to 12.6 V).
* The output voltage at the power flat cable should be between 4.9 V to 5.3 V.
* To be measured between the black and the red wires.
4. Unpack the voltage converter and remove the transparent insulation.
5. Solder two additional wires to the BEC
* Take 3 male-female wires from the kit (red, black, and any color)
* The red and black wires [are to be blanched](zap.md) on both ends using tweezers. The blue wire is to be blanched from the side of the MALE connector.
To blanch means:
* Apply flux to the exposed part of the wire.
* Cover with solder.
* Solder the red and the black wires to BEC:
BLACK -> OUT-
RED -> OUT+
6. Check BEC operation.
* Solder the BEC to the power board:
BLACK -> -
RED -> +
* Connect the battery and check the voltage at the wires soldered to BEC (from step 5).
5 V - everything is okay!
more than 10 V - disconnect the power and move the yellow jumper to the other tweezers.
0 V - poorly soldered.
* If the BEC outputs 5 V, isolate the soldered connection with a black thermal contraction tube.
7. Installation of the LED strip.
* Solder the wires from BEC (from step 5) to the LED strip.
* Remove the silicone layer on the strip (make an incision with a knife and tear).
* [Blanch](zap.md) the contacts of the LED strip.
Red -> +5V
Black -> GND
Blue -> Din
![Installation of the BEC voltage Converter](../assets/cl3_mountBEC.JPG)
## Installation of the 4 in 1 ESC board and the PDB power-board
1. Install the 4 in 1 ESC circuit-board as shown in the picture.
Connect the phase wires of the motors with ESCs wires.
2. Attach the ESC board with 6 mm legs (4 pcs.).
Screw M3 plastic nuts (4 PCs.) to the legs.
3. Install the PDB power distribution board as shown in the picture (the XT60 connector should point to the tail of the copter).
4. Connect the wires of the PCB power supply board and ESC XT30 board.
![Power board installation](../assets/cl3_mountESC.JPG)
## Pairing the receiver and transmitter
1. Connect the 5V wire from BEC to the connector of the receiver.
Insert the BIND connector into the rightmost B/VCC port.
2. Connect the battery. The indicator on the receiver should flash rapidly (reset mode).
3. Press and hold the BIND button on the remote, and switch the remote on.
The RXBinding process will be displayed on the remote.
4. After pairing (additional lines will be displayed on the remote):
* Remove the BIND connector from the receiver.
* Disconnect the battery.
![Pairing the receiver and the remote](../assets/cl3_bindFlysky.JPG)
> **Hint** If the remote cannot be powered on, or is blocked, see
article [remote faults](radioerrors.md).
## Checking the motors rotation direction
1. Turn the transmitter ON
Make sure ppm in the RX Setup menu is disabled ([section "No communications with the flight controller"](radioerrors.md))
In point 3, select “RX setup” > “PPM OUTPUT” > “Off”.
Save changes (hold pressed the “CANCEL” button).
2. Connect the S1 orange wire from the ESC board to CH3 on the receiver. Connect external power.
3. Using the left stick, set throttle to 10 %.
4. Check the motor rotation direction according to the scheme. Repeat for each motor. Thus, it will be clear which motor is controlled.
5. If you have to change the rotation direction, toggle any two phase wires of the motor (needs re-connection).
![Checking the motors rotation direction](../assets/cl3_testMotorsFlysky.JPG)
## Installation and connection of the Pixracer flight controller
1. Install the Pixracer flight controller on double-sided 3M adhesive tape (2 – 3 layers).
The flight controller may also be removed from the housing and rigidly mounted on the М3х6 leg.
2. Install 40 mm legs using М3х87 screws.
Connect the POWER connector.
3. Connect ESCs as shown in the picture.
More [about connecting 4 in 1 ESCs](4in1.md).
4. Connect the flat cable from the radio receiver to the RCIN connector in Pixracer.
![Installation of the flight controller](../assets/cl3_mountPixracer.JPG)
## Installation of Raspberry
1. Turn the copter upside down.
Install Raspberry on the legs using Raspberry mounting holes.
USB connectors should point to the tail of the copter.
2. Installation of the flat cable for the camera:
* lift the latch;
* connect the flat cable;
* close the latch.
3. Connecting Raspberry power:
5V -> pin 04 (DC power 5 V)
GND -> pin 06 (Ground)
Connecting the LED strip pin 40 (GPIO21)
4. Assembling the mount for the RPi camera.
Use an М3х16 screw and an M3 nut
![Installation of Raspberry Pi Model B](../assets/cl3_mountRaspberryPi.JPG)
## Installation of Arduino and the FlySky radio receiver
1. Mount the pins of the Arduino Nano micro-controller using soldering.
2. Install the micro-controller into a special mount, and attach to the lower deck using М3х16 screws (4 pcs).
3. Using double-sided tape, attach the receiver as shown in the picture.
4. Connect the flat cable from the radio receiver to Pixracer as shown in the picture.
white -> PPM
red -> 5V
black -> GND
orange, green -> currently not used. They are set to the unused pins of the radio receiver
![Installation of Arduino nano and radio receiver Flysky i6](../assets/cl3_mountArduinoandFlysky.JPG)
## Installation of the RPi camera
1. Attach the mount for the RPi camera assembly to the lower deck with М3х12 screws (2 pcs.)
2. Connect the flat cable to the RPi camera.
3. Install the camera into the mount, secure it with M2 self-tappers.
4. Attach Raspberry with 30 mm legs (4 pcs.).
Attach the lower deck assembly to the rack with М3х8 screws (4 pcs.)
5. Install the legs into the mounts (4 pcs).
![Mounting the RPi camera](../assets/cl3_mountRpiCamera.JPG)
## Installation of the remaining structural elements
1. Install the bottom guard using М3х12 screws (8 units) and the 30 mm legs (8 pcs).
2. Install the top guard using М3х12 screws (8 pcs).
3. Insert the strap into the upper deck for attaching the battery.
Secure the upper deck with М3х8 screws (4 pcs.)
![Installation of the remaining structural elements](../assets/cl3_mountOtherElements.JPG)
## Installation of USB connectors
1. Connect Pixracer to Raspberry using the micro USB - USB cable.
2. Connect Arduino to Raspberry using the micro USB - USB cable.
![Installation of USB connectors](../assets/cl3_mountUSBconnectors.JPG).
Read more about connection in [article](connection.md).

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# Types of power connectors
## XT-60
It is one of the most reliable power connectors that they try to use on power batteries. These specific connectors are used on Li-Po batteries for copters.
<img src="../assets/xt60.jpg" alt="XT-60" width=200>
## T-plug
An analog for XT-60. It has various options for simplifying disconnection.
<img src="../assets/t-plug.jpg" alt="T-plug" width=200>
## JST-XH or a balancing connector
Connectors of this type are often used for balancing individual elements in an assembly of several lithium-polymer (Li-Pol), lithium-ion (Li-ion), or lithium-phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries.
Similar connectors with various numbers of pins are installed in most modern chargers for balancing the lithium cells during charging.
This connector may be used together with a buzzer (beeper) for monitoring battery charge.
<img src="../assets/balance.jpg" alt="JST-XH" width=200>
## Gold bullet connectors, or bananas
There is a great variety of Gold bullet pin connectors. Connectors of this type may have different diameters and size. The most widespread connectors are those with the diameter of 2 mm, 3 mm, and 4 mm.
They are often used for solderless connections on PDB and motors.
<img src="../assets/Banana.jpg" alt="Banana" width=200>

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# Installation of FPV
## Preparation of the FPV camera
1. Take the connector wire from the camera and cut off the BLACK side of the 3-pin connector.
1. Prepare the wire leads to be connected:
1. Shorten the wires to the desired length *.
1. Strip (remove 2 mm of insulation from the end of the wire without damaging the strands).
1. Twist the wires.
1. Blanch using tweezers.
\* The distance between the power distribution board and the estimated location of the camera should be determined in advance!
![FPV1](../assets/fpv_1.png)
## Preparation of the transmitter
The same procedure applies here:
1. Take the connector wire from the transmitter and cut off the BLACK side of the 5-pin connector.
2. Prepare the wire leads to be connected:
1. Shorten the wires to the desired length *.
2. Strip (remove 2 mm of insulation from the end of the wire without damaging the strands).
3. Twist the wires.
4. Blanch using tweezers.
\* The distance between the power distribution board and the estimated location of the transmitter should be determined in advance!
![FPV2](../assets/fpv_2.png)
## Connection of FPV
Prepared connectors are to be inserted into appropriate sockets, and power wires are to be soldered to the power distribution board according to the circuit diagram:
![FPV3](../assets/fpv_3.png)
> **Warning** In this circuit diagram, the camera is powered from 12 V (however, it is possible to use 5 V).
> The transmitter is powered from the ESC power (however, it is possible to use 12 V).
## Installing FPV components
![FPV4](../assets/fpv_4.png)
The following may be used as fastening materials:
1. Hot-melt glue;
1. electrical tape;
1. zip-ties (clamps);
1. double-sided adhesive tape.

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Safety instruction
===
Soldering
-----
### Preliminary examination
Before you start, check the integrity of the wiring and the plug.
Damage may cause electric shock.
### The soldering tip
The soldering tip heats up to very high temperatures, so if it touches an electrical wire during soldering, the insulation will be damaged in a matter of moments, followed by a short circuit.
### Soldering iron prop
When working with a hot soldering iron it is important to use a prop. If you don't have a factory-made prop, you can use the one made of a wooden block and metal holders. The prop allows placing the tool without the risk of it falling down on combustible materials.
### Ventilation
When melted, colophony and solder can emit significant amounts of hazardous substances.
It is strongly advised to ventilate the room after each soldering.
Make short breaks with through ventilation every 30 minutes, do not forget to turn off the soldering iron.
### How to hold a soldering iron?
A soldering iron may only be held by the handle.
If anyone says the opposite – don't believe him, he is trying to misguide you:)
![Composition of a soldering iron](../assets/solderConsist.gif)
[More about soldering safety](tb.md)
Flying
------
### Safety during preparation to flying
* Make sure that the Li-ion batteries are charged.
* Make sure the batteries in the control equipment are charged.
* Attach the propellers immediately before flying.
Check the following:
* Tightness of propeller nuts.
* Attachment and integrity of propellers guards.
* Reliability of wires attachment, absence of loose wires.
### Safety before flying
* Place the spectators behind the pilot, or behind the line passing through both shoulders of the pilot behind the pilot.
* Do not allow spectators into the hemisphere in front of the pilot.
* Know and remember the flight duration that the copter and its battery are designed for.
* BEFORE connecting the Li-ion battery enable control equipment (the remote), and set the left stick (throttle) to the zero position.
* Connect the Li-ion battery immediately before takeoff, disconnect it immediately after landing.
* Stay at least 3 m away from the copter.
* Take off from a level flat site at the distance of at least 3 meters away from obstacles.
### Flight safety
* Follow all instructions of the teacher or the flight instructor.
* Specify the flying area in advance. Only fly in the specified area, and avoid flying outside it. Not to fly over behind your back.
* When learning to fly, fly below the level of your height.
* Fly in proximity to yourself at a distance at which you can see the copter orientation in space. Do no fly far away from yourself. If you doubt copter orientation, immediately land on the spot. Do not try to take off. Approach the copter and take off.
* During the flight, move the control sticks carefully and smoothly. Avoid abrupt movements. If you have to change the flight direction, move the sticks vigorously, but not abruptly.
> **Caution** Never move the sticks abruptly. Do not move the stick to the extreme position.
* Fly carefully, and perform only those flight elements that you are sure you can perform. Never perform the flight maneuvers that you doubt you can perform, and the maneuvers involving risks.
* Observe the speed limit. The copter speed should be maintained within the speed of a walking man.
* Return the copter to the landing location by the estimated time, prevent complete discharge of the battery during the flight.
* Land only on a flat open area away from obstacles
### Emergency landing
In case of hitting the ground or a heavy landing, do the following:
1. Stop the flight. Land the copter on the ground. Set the left stick (throttle) to the minimum
2. Disarm (Move the left stick left-down for 3 seconds)
3. Disconnect the Li-ion battery on the copter.
4. Turn off the remote.
5. Inspect the copter, and repair if necessary.
### Scheduled landing
After a scheduled landing, do the following:
1. Disarm (Move the left stick left-down for 3 seconds)
2. Disconnect the Li-ion battery on the copter.
3. Turn off the remote.